Professor of Philosophy Yuval Avnur delved into the effects of online echo chambers on the Academic Minute podcast. “There are two ways the echo chamber could bias you: by affecting what information you are exposed to and by affecting the way you process that information,” Avnur said. He added that the second bias—called motivated reasoning—is a bigger problem, as it amplifies our tendencies to respond not just to facts, but to untruthful information that appeals to our emotions. “We should primarily aim to expose and correct biased reasoning, not deficits in information,” he said.